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Hate Speech and Free Speech
May/June 2008
by Jessica Marsden '08
The words “nigger school” spray-painted on
a Pierson College wall, and “drama fags” on the University Theatre.
Students costumed in blackface for Halloween. Fraternity brothers posing for a
photo with a sign saying “We Love Yale Sluts.” A swastika, in snow,
swabbed onto a tree trunk on the Old Campus.
An unusual spate of degrading speech and expression
broke out on campus over the past year, causing the university to ask itself
whether such acts are thoughtless pranks or signs of lingering prejudice. The
incidents have roused the attention of administrators and activists alike, and
student groups are clamoring for new university action to address hate speech.
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The campus is left wondering why the number of such incidents has climbed.
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After an earlier string of incidents last year,
students from Yale’s ethnic cultural houses and several other groups on campus
banded together to form an umbrella organization called the Coalition for
Campus Unity, or CCU. The group reached out to administrators to discuss the
incidents, resulting in a new requirement for incoming freshmen to read Beverly
Tatum’s book Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria? and to participate in discussions
about racial sensitivity.
Yale College dean of student affairs Marichal Gentry
says the college plans to set up an Intercultural Affairs Council (IAC) that
will promote awareness of the need for intercultural sensitivity. In addition,
over the past year, the Graduate School and the college dean’s office organized
four public faculty-led panel discussions on the history, politics, sociology,
and psychology of hate.
CCU has also proposed a new grievance board that
would hear complaints about offensive speech. CCU member Robert Szykowny '08
says students currently don’t know where to go for help, and “people are
intimidated.” Gentry says the IAC planners are considering the CCU
proposal, but he adds that the college has existing student complaint
procedures for cases of harassment or discrimination. He says the IAC will help
promote awareness of the existing grievance policy.
But Yale has not indicated that it will back away
from the Woodward Report, a 1975 document on free expression that was adopted
as official university policy. That report defends “the right to think the
unthinkable, discuss the unmentionable, and challenge the unchallengeable.”
Meanwhile, the campus is left wondering why the
number of such incidents has climbed over the past year or two. No one has a
conclusive explanation, though Marianne LaFrance, a professor of psychology and
women’s and gender studies who spoke on one of the four panels about hate,
suggests that the rash of recent incidents may be part of a copycat pattern
encouraged by the “hothouse atmosphere” of a college campus. She
notes that, even if they were intended as jokes, such incidents can have serious
effects on members of the target groups. And “one of the best ways to
actually quiet or silence people who have been hurt or ridiculed by humor is to
say, ‘Oh please, it was just a joke.’”
This explanation rings true to CCU member Thomas
Meyer '11, who says that as a freshman, he has been surprised by the volume of
offensive incidents over the past year.
“I think part of it is the very fact that this
campus is considered so liberal, so tolerant,” Meyer says. “They're
not constantly thinking of Yale as a place where bigotry happens. So doing
something like that might seem okay—might seem funny, at the time.”
Readers respond
Enlightenment?
Fifty to a hundred years ago, it was common and more or less acceptable to attribute unfavorable characteristics to groups, as in “All Blacks, Italians, Irish, Catholics, Jews, Females are this or that” and to use insulting terms while referring to these groups. Happily, such practices are no longer tolerated. While isolated episodes exist, they are almost universally condemned, and more important, rarely involve bodily harm, and are certainly without force in the workplace or education. In our enlightened modern age, we have also made the discovery that all of the very bright men and women chosen for Yale can be categorized as obtuse clods requiring sensitivity training before being allowed to enter our community of scholars. Progress, indeed.
Nicholas E. Roberti, M.D., '48

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